← Semester courseWeek 12 · Harmony

Cadences and introductory voice leading

How do independent melodic lines cooperate to create harmonic arrival?

3 class meetings150–180 minutesGrades 8–12 adaptablePrint: use browser print

Teacher orientation

This week asks: How do independent melodic lines cooperate to create harmonic arrival? The three meetings move from shared experience to explicit theory and then transfer. Require students to predict before measuring or labeling; use performance and explanation together as evidence.

Misconceptions to anticipate

Any V–I is automatically a perfect authentic cadence; voice-leading rules are universal laws; chord spelling alone guarantees good parts.

Three-meeting sequence

Meeting 1 of 3 · 50–60 minutes

Kinds of arrival

Learning target

Identify authentic, half, plagal, and deceptive cadences

Launch · 5 min

Pause recordings at phrase endings and rank closure strength.

Teach · 12 min

Define cadence by harmonic motion and phrase context; distinguish PAC, IAC, HC, plagal, and deceptive types.

Practice · 25 min

Cadence gallery: hear, label, perform, and alter endings to change closure.

Exit · 5 min

What makes a PAC more conclusive than an IAC?

Assignment

Identify cadences in an assigned score.

Meeting 2 of 3 · 50–60 minutes

Tendency tones

Learning target

Write leading-tone and chordal-seventh resolutions

Launch · 5 min

Sustain scale degree 7 and sing its most expected resolution.

Teach · 12 min

Teach leading tone up, chordal seventh down, and common-tone retention as style-specific defaults.

Practice · 25 min

Students resolve V7–I in several voicings, sing each line, and diagnose unresolved tendency tones.

Exit · 5 min

Where should the seventh of V7 usually move?

Assignment

Write four V7–I resolutions.

Meeting 3 of 3 · 50–60 minutes

Four melodies at once

Learning target

Avoid parallel perfect intervals in chorale style

Launch · 5 min

Compare block chords with the same harmony in smooth and awkward spacing.

Teach · 12 min

Introduce contrary/oblique motion, range, spacing, doubling, and parallel fifth/octave checks.

Practice · 25 min

Pairs realize a short soprano-bass framework, then exchange and audit with a checklist.

Exit · 5 min

Name one revision that improved a single voice.

Assignment

Revise a four-phrase chorale segment.

Student synthesis task

Claim–evidence–application: Students submit one notated or analytical artifact from the week, a 150–250 word explanation using at least four vocabulary terms, and a brief performance, recording, or demonstration. The explanation must identify a decision, cite musical evidence, and connect the idea to unfamiliar material.

Assessment and answer guidance

PromptValue
1. What defines a half cadence?2 points
2. How does a deceptive cadence typically move?3 points
3. Why avoid parallel fifths in common-practice chorale style?3 points
4. Apply the week’s central idea to a new four-to-eight-measure example and explain the reasoning.7 points
Teacher answer guidance

1. A phrase ending on dominant harmony.

2. V moves to vi in major or an analogous substitute rather than I.

3. They weaken the perceptual independence of voices in that style.

4. Award 2 points for accurate identification or construction, 2 for correct notation/terminology, 2 for evidence tied to the example, and 1 for a clear conclusion. Accept alternate solutions when the musical reasoning is defensible.

Access, differentiation, and extension

Support without lowering the target

Work first in two voices, then add alto and tenor. Preteach vocabulary, model one complete think-aloud, reduce the number of simultaneous variables, and allow a second attempt after feedback.

Extension

Compare common-practice voice leading with parallel motion in another style.

Evidence to retain

Keep the exit tickets, synthesis artifact, and scored application prompt. Together they show factual fluency, transfer, and the student’s ability to explain music—not only select an answer.