← Semester courseWeek 11 · Harmony

Diatonic harmony and Roman numerals

How do chords inherit tendencies from scale degrees inside a key?

3 class meetings150–180 minutesGrades 8–12 adaptablePrint: use browser print

Teacher orientation

This week asks: How do chords inherit tendencies from scale degrees inside a key? The three meetings move from shared experience to explicit theory and then transfer. Require students to predict before measuring or labeling; use performance and explanation together as evidence.

Misconceptions to anticipate

Roman numeral names a fixed chord in every key; every IV must go to V; harmonization has only one correct answer.

Three-meeting sequence

Meeting 1 of 3 · 50–60 minutes

A chord on every degree

Learning target

Build diatonic triads in major and minor

Launch · 5 min

Stack thirds above each C-major scale degree.

Teach · 12 min

Derive the diatonic quality pattern and Roman-numeral conventions; repeat in natural/harmonic minor.

Practice · 25 min

Teams create a key-specific chord inventory and correct one another’s spelling.

Exit · 5 min

Why is vii° diminished in major?

Assignment

Build diatonic triads in two keys.

Meeting 2 of 3 · 50–60 minutes

Function as behavior

Learning target

Use case-sensitive Roman numerals

Launch · 5 min

Compare I–IV–V–I with reordered progressions.

Teach · 12 min

Group tonic, predominant, and dominant functions while emphasizing that context, bass, and phrase position matter.

Practice · 25 min

Students label function, perform progressions, and predict likely continuations before hearing them.

Exit · 5 min

What makes V point toward I?

Assignment

Annotate function in eight progressions.

Meeting 3 of 3 · 50–60 minutes

Harmonizing melody

Learning target

Distinguish tonic, predominant, and dominant function

Launch · 5 min

Present a four-note melody with several possible chord choices.

Teach · 12 min

Use strong-beat melody tones, harmonic rhythm, function, and singable bass as constraints—not a single-answer algorithm.

Practice · 25 min

Groups harmonize the same phrase differently, perform versions, and critique coherence.

Exit · 5 min

Defend one chord choice with two constraints.

Assignment

Complete and revise an eight-measure harmonization.

Student synthesis task

Claim–evidence–application: Students submit one notated or analytical artifact from the week, a 150–250 word explanation using at least four vocabulary terms, and a brief performance, recording, or demonstration. The explanation must identify a decision, cite musical evidence, and connect the idea to unfamiliar material.

Assessment and answer guidance

PromptValue
1. What is the diatonic triad pattern in major?2 points
2. What are the broad functional families?3 points
3. Can one melody note belong to several chords?3 points
4. Apply the week’s central idea to a new four-to-eight-measure example and explain the reasoning.7 points
Teacher answer guidance

1. I major, ii minor, iii minor, IV major, V major, vi minor, vii° diminished.

2. Tonic, predominant, and dominant.

3. Yes; chord choice depends on key, function, bass, metric position, and desired direction.

4. Award 2 points for accurate identification or construction, 2 for correct notation/terminology, 2 for evidence tied to the example, and 1 for a clear conclusion. Accept alternate solutions when the musical reasoning is defensible.

Access, differentiation, and extension

Support without lowering the target

Keep a scale-degree/chord-member matrix visible. Preteach vocabulary, model one complete think-aloud, reduce the number of simultaneous variables, and allow a second attempt after feedback.

Extension

Add inversions and seventh chords to improve bass line and voice leading.

Evidence to retain

Keep the exit tickets, synthesis artifact, and scored application prompt. Together they show factual fluency, transfer, and the student’s ability to explain music—not only select an answer.